Agi Hirshberg: Our Lady of Hope

PANCREAS SPOTLIGHT
By Shweta Lavania

This article originally appeared in Pancreas, Volume 53, Number 6, July 2024. It can be downloaded at www.pancreasjournal.com

Selfless service in cancer research is the embodiment of compassion in action. It is through service that we truly connect with the world around us, leaving a legacy of love, generosity, and empathy. No one has understood this fact better than Agi Hirshberg. From finding inspiration through her tragic loss, Agi’s unwavering commitment to the cause of supporting and advocating for Pancreatic Cancer patients is simply a tale of compassion, inspiration, and true labor of love. We, here at Pancreas are honored to celebrate the life and philanthropy of the remarkable Agi Hirshberg by featuring her in our inaugural Pancreas Spotlight series.

I spoke with Ms. Hirshberg on a sunny Fall afternoon to try and decode the secret sauce that flows through the veins of this impossibly sunny, vivacious, 78-year- (young!) old and came back inspired by her humility, her boundless optimism (“the cure is just so close now, I can feel it”) and her love and support for the tiny but growing community of pancreatic cancer research that punches well above its weight in the fight for patients’ lives!

Agi’s inspiring life story which begins in 1946 has all the hallmarks of the upheaval of the Post World War era that forced her parents, Edmund, a Holocaust survivor, and Sarah Mandel, to leave Hungary and emigrate to the United States of America. Like all immigrants, America eventually embraced and assimilated this hardworking family with all its fervor and thus began little Agi’s journey to a life of hard work and boundless optimism towards a better destiny. From Miami to eventually Los Angeles, armed with limited English, Agi set out to complete her education eventually receiving her bachelor’s degree at Woodbury University in Business and Design. A career in creative designs and marketing beckoned which eventually led to a chance encounter with a “handsome gentle giant”, who went on to change the course of her life, both personally and professionally. In 1986 Agi met, fell in love and eventually married the love of her life, Ronald Hirshberg, a “retail genius”. Together, they established a successful business by becoming the exclusive licensee for Adidas accessories, all over the world. Life was perfect until fate intervened. In 1997, Ron was diagnosed with Pancreatic Cancer which eventually led to his demise at the age of 54 after a hard-fought battle of 8 months and seven days. Those who are familiar with the ravages of this disease know the stealth nature by which it manifests in the form of innocuous symptoms which are often ignored until it is well too late to stage a successful therapeutic intervention. While losing one’s beloved husband in the prime of his life might have broken the spirits of a lesser mortal. Agi Hirshberg found new strength and a clarity of purpose that led to the establishment of the Hirshberg Foundation for Pancreatic Cancer Research a mere 6 weeks after Ronalds’s death.

One can say now, with hindsight, that the mission almost chose Agi way before she chose it herself. Her phenomenal instincts as an entrepreneur coupled with her unapparelled belief in the urgency of her mission led her to recruit and collaborate with some of the brightest minds in the field of Pancreatic cancer research to raise awareness, brainstorm new treatment guidelines and above all, place the needs of patients first and foremost, in any clinical and research scenario. Merely 6 months after Ron’s untimely loss, the Hirshberg Foundation was up and running at UCLA under the leadership of Dr. Howard Reber. Since its inception, the Hirshberg Foundation has touched the lives of countless patients by raising more than $32 million in funding that is used for providing financial aid to patients, establishing the Seed grant program that provides critical funding to support medical research in pancreatic cancer, establish research institutions that focus on pancreatic cancer pathobiology and treatment, establishing tissue data banks to support research, provide support for inter-disciplinary cancer research to spur new innovations and support professional research organizations such as the American Pancreatic Association (APA), Japan Pancreas Society, and the European Pancreatic Club’s Annual Meetings to name a few. One might assume that Agi’s legacy as a champion of Pancreatic Research is all but assured and she may well afford to relax as the years go by. One couldn’t be more wrong because the messianic zeal which fuels Agi is far from diminished, and she continues to cris- cross across the world marshaling her phenomenal resources to bring together new collaborators, supporting new researchers, and throwing fundraisers and spending time with pancreatic cancer patients and supporting them through the tough journey that defines their destiny from diagnosis to treatment and management of symptoms. She is ably supported in this mission by her daughter, Ms. Lisa Manheim, Director of the Hirshberg Foundation for Pancreatic Cancer Research, who shares her mother’s boundless optimism and passion for pancreatic cancer patient advocacy and research. Ms. Manheim has taken over the rigors of the day- to-day operations of the foundation while Ms. Hirshberg continues to draw up ambitious plans and alliance to thwart the march of pancreatic cancer.

Agi Hirshberg is one rare human being who has turned her personal loss into a cause that transcends her own pain and provides support and meaning to countless pancreatic cancer patients all over the world. Thank you for being a true friend & cheerleader of the Pancreas & the Pancreatic Cancer community!

Below are some of the excerpts from our meet-up session:

What is your opinion about the status of research in the field and how close we are to finding a cure?

Agi: I almost think that with AI and all the new technology that we have now, we are as close as we can be to finding a cure. (On her optimist outlook) Listen, I live with the word “we are going to beat it (Cancer)! Hope springs eternal.

Did you ever envision that your life’s work would ever involve establishing a foundation for the patient support, advocacy and fundraising for pancreatic cancer research?

Agi: Absolutely not! I am an immigrant, grew up in Hungary, arrived in US as an 11-year-old only child (tie breaker child!) with limited English. This humble start to life made me realize the importance of a strong work ethic and boundless optimism. After finishing my education, I started as a fashion designer and then I met the love of my life Ronnie and together we set up our business, I designed the Adidas products, and he built our global distribution business up and running and we were a successful team! Then Ronnie’s loss spurred me to approach Dr. Howard Reber at UCLA, and the Hirshberg Foundation came to life, and we have never looked back!

For someone who has spent 26 years working with pancreatic cancer patients and their loved ones, supporting them, and giving their suffering a voice and positive direction to inspire changes, please share some of your favorite memories of interactions.

Agi: I must tell you that while I am truly proud of all the efforts and resources that we (Hirshberg Foundation) have provided to the Basic and Clinical research community, what I am really focused on is providing support to the patients. I am proud of the network of support and services that we can call upon all over the country, best centers, best physicians, and staff to refer these patients for treatment and help them in every possible way as they battle this dreaded disease. Providing these patients with all the support and help remains my primary focus to date. To celebrate their courage and to inspire other patients and survivors, I host Agi’s Backyard Barbecue (see pictures), an annual get together where in 60–80 patients, their loved ones come over and share their stories. Every year it so happens that we have newly diagnosed patients that sit on one side and on the other side we get patients who are thriving even after 7,18 and even 23 years post cancer diagnosis! This allows the “newbies” and the “veterans” to share their experiences and support one another and celebrate life. I can tell you no one wants to go home by the end of the night! That sort of energy is infectious and inspires me to do what I do.

Lastly, Tell us your secret Agi? At 78, you look like you’ve cracked the code to a life well lived!

Agi: You can’t help but become sisters and brothers with the patient, so the emotion is always with the patient and that they have the long life. What else could I say? I am an eternal optimist, and I am sure that the cure is just out there, all we got to do is keep going. We can beat CANCER!


Messages of Hope for Cancer Survivors

June is National Cancer Survivor’s Month and we are happy to share these heartfelt messages with all those facing cancer. All month long we celebrate survivorship and honor those in treatment as we work towards a cancer-free future.

Share your message of hope here. Together, let’s provide support, hope and love with all those facing pancreatic cancer!

I am an 8 + year survivor of pancreatic cancer. I was diagnosed in 2012 and had a distal pancreatectomy in September, followed by chemo for six months. I am happy and blessed to say I am still here, cancer free, and thriving! There is hope and you can survive too!


Barbara

Be well informed but don’t let anyone take away your hope. Hope gives us the power to endure what we think we can’t, to heal. Remember to enjoy life, enjoy the little things. Be your own best advocate and keep fighting. It’s ok to have bad days, to feel like you want to quit, but remember what or who you are fighting for and continue. Even the strongest of us get tired and need to lean on someone else for a bit, or have someone give us a hug and say it’s okay.


Roberta

Thank you to all the researchers, the clinical trials, the doctors, pharmacists, scientists, oncologists and nurses working to cure pancreatic cancer patients each day.


George

The greatest gift I have received from my recent stage IV pancreatic cancer diagnosis is the deeper appreciation of each day of life and the deeper connections I have with each person, object and experience in my life. It is the gratitude and connections that give me strength and purpose to get through each step of this journey. Life is so much more beautiful when I focus on the wonderful things I have and not on what I don’t have.

I am so thankful for the treatment options available for me, only made possible by incredible foundations such as the wonderful team at Hirshberg Foundation, generous donations from supporters and believers in the amazing scientists and doctors working hard to give us reasons for greater hope each day.


Esther

I remember hearing that the tumor on my husband’s pancreas could be cancer and that the 5-year survival rate less than 5%. Boom! He was 50, and our kids were still too young. When I told my hubby’s brother that the survival rate was only 5% (and I was shaking) he said this to me,
“So, why can’t he be in the 5% ?” HOPE. Those words let light in and we began the fight! We formed our team of family, medical experts, support people and HOPE was restored. That was 11 years ago. He was in that 5%!

In this pancreatic cancer journey, it’s hard and scary and so sad. But I KNOW that hardwork is happening and progress is happening and numbers are changing in a better direction. I KNOW that there is HOPE to increase them further. I KNOW! And so does my husband! Eleven years, what a gift! So thankful and full of gratitude and HOPE.


Cyndy

We are all individuals. Focus on surviving and positive energy instead of looking at stats or educating yourself on survival. Educate yourself in health and what that means instead. Maybe explore Ayurveda or cannabis if you are looking for gentle plant medicine. I was diagnosed in 2010 and I am a survivor.


Christina

I am a 16 year survivor, Blessed Be! My motto was “leave no stone unturned.” I did everything the doctor told me to do, and everything meditative and spiritual my heart and hospice counselor suggested. Hospice was so supportive. I exercised and walked daily and ate healthy as much as I could. It was so long ago and I’m so healthy now, I can only thank heaven. I tell everyone who is interested about my story because there IS hope and there ARE angels.


Julie

Hang in there! Every new day brings a chance for hope, more treatments and cures. Thank you to the Hirshberg Foundation for all the information and support, you are so helpful and inspiring! Appreciate it all!


Joanne

Each morning is a new day- live, love, experience…cherish each moment!


Kevin

Hang in there, be strong, have resilience. You are not alone, relatives, patients and the pancreatic cancer community is here to support you.


Ana

Happy National Cancer Survivors Day! I would just like to celebrate all cancer survivors perseverance, strength, passion and enthusiasm in each day, your spirit inspires all of us! It’s been an honor being able to support this amazing foundation and be around such a great atmosphere of people!


Brandon

I am a 1 year Pancreatic Cancer survivor! My journey has had so many different emotions of fear, tears, pain, the unknown, but most importantly HOPE! Knowing that my medical teams and organizations like Hirshberg are doing everything they can to keep this mean cancer away and that research continues to progress gives me hope that I will continue to live a beautiful life, cancer free! I will win and beat this cancer! I am Dawnie Strong!!!


Dawnie

I am a 7 1/2 year pancreatic cancer survivor! A positive attitude is key to your recovery with the love and support of those around you.


Barbara

I was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in the year 2000. A state-of-the-art clinical trial saved my life. Twenty years later the treatments and therapies have advanced to such an extent that the protocol I received is seldom used. The past two decades of breathtaking research can truly bring hope to you who have been recently diagnosed.
Helping hands and hearts are waiting to help you. Be strong and know that you are not alone!


Lee

Never give up hope! There is ALWAYS reason to believe!


Margie

To all those fighting and surviving every day…this is a new day. We have significantly progressed in the search for a cure. Don’t give up hope and keep fighting because there are people you don’t even know praying for you, and prayer is enormous! God Bless you and keep you healthy. You were given this life because you are strong enough to live it!!!


Noël

We will never give up! You deserve to be celebrated every day!


Lisa

What a beautiful thing it is, to be able to stand tall and say; “ I survived”


Rocio

Wishing you years of health, happiness and a cancer-free future spent with loved ones!


Sarah

With love and encouragement to all who are working and educating themselves about pancreatic cancer and everything being done to support those who are affected by pancreatic cancer. We need this now and on into future when there will finally be a cure! Never give up!!


Kelley

You are examples of strength and we honor you for that!


Matt

I am doing very well after my Whipple in April of 2020. New survivors should hold on to hope, no matter what happens. I am working with research doctors to update protocols by educating both patients and doctors to signs, symptoms and risks of this cancer. Early detection is the goal! Please support my efforts by letting the associations associated with pancreatic cancer know you agree that this is important for future survivors. God bless you all!


Laura

I am a 23+ years survivor of pancreatic cancer. I was diagnosed and had the Whipple surgery in January, 1998, followed by chemo and radiation therapy. I am happy to say that I am still here, cancer free, being checked by my original surgeon and oncologist at least once a year with scans and blood tests. So far, so good!!!


Ruth

Wishing everyone suffering from this horrible cancer the very best and always look at what options are available to you. I am so very thankful to have some more time and hoping it stays away. Glad I had doctors that were looking out for me and offered me options for the liver metastasis. Thankful for all the researchers and doctors and caregivers who are there for us.


Kay


Celebrate National Research Month in May

In recognition of National Research Month, we’re shining a light on extraordinary scientific advances gaining momentum in pancreatic cancer.  To date, the Hirshberg Foundation has funded over 120 Seed Grant projects leading to significant NIH funding, clinical trials, and improved patient outcomes. Groundbreaking ideas are coming to fruition, including the use of artificial intelligence to analyze CT scans for pancreatic cancer patients and an mRNA vaccine in the pipeline to prevent disease recurrence. The greater pancreatic cancer research community remains committed to discovering answers and we are watching them turn an exciting corner.

This month and throughout the year, we look forward to sharing news from our UCLA laboratories, Seed Grant projects, and updates directly from the headlines. Your generous support has allowed us to increase our research efforts worldwide and we look forward to announcing the results of their efforts!

ACTIVITY SUMMARY REPORT

The UCLA Activity Summary Report includes a comprehensive overview of advancements in research and patient care. From 66 open clinical trials to individual Seed Grant updates, and news from the Agi Hirshberg Center for Pancreatic Diseases –  the latest report details this progress over the past year.

RESEARCH LABORATORIES

The Hirshberg Foundation’s UCLA laboratories have propelled research forward in the global medical community. The collaboration between the Hirshberg Translation Laboratory and the Sahin-Toth Laboratory is central to our work on campus as they make great strides forward.

NCCN GUIDELINES

The Hirshberg Foundation is a sponsor of the NCCN Guidelines for Patients: Pancreatic Cancer. These extensive guidelines include clinical trials and studies, care options, treatment protocols, and much more.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

At the latest APA meeting, lectures were led by researchers from Mayo Clinic, Cedars Sinai, and MD Anderson Cancer Center each discussing innovation in the AI space as it relates to early detection and diagnostic tests. Take a look at our APA Video on AI, a symposium funded by the Hirshberg Foundation.

With your support, we are empowering the medical community to pursue groundbreaking research and initiatives that make an impact across the globe.


What is Type 3c Diabetes?

Type 3c diabetes develops when the pancreas is damaged in ways that affect its ability to produce insulin. Conditions such as chronic pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, and pancreas surgery, either complete or partial removal (pancreatectomy), can lead to pancreas damage that causes diabetes. Type 3c diabetes (also known as pancreatogenic diabetes) is diabetes that comes secondary to pancreas diseases, involving the exocrine and digestive functions of the pancreas.

Diabetes is a health condition that occurs when blood sugar, or glucose levels in the blood, are too high. This develops when the pancreas doesn’t make any or enough insulin (a hormone), or the body doesn’t respond to insulin properly and glucose levels rise in the blood.

The pancreas has two main functions in the body:

Exocrine function: Produces enzymes including amylase, proteases, and lipase that assist with the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Endocrine function: Sends out hormones (mainly insulin and glucagon) that control the amount of sugar in the bloodstream.

Pancreas damage that leads to type 3c diabetes may also affect the pancreas’s ability to produce the enzymes that help with digestion and absorption of nutrients. This condition is called exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI).

The difference between the various types of diabetes is what causes them. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas for unknown reasons. Individuals with type 1 always need insulin to manage the condition. Type 2 diabetes develops when the body doesn’t make enough insulin and/or the body’s cells don’t respond normally to the insulin (insulin resistance). Individuals with type 2 diabetes may manage the condition with lifestyle changes, oral medication and/or insulin. Type 3c diabetes results from damage to the pancreas that isn’t autoimmune in nature. People with type 3c often also lack the ability to produce enough enzymes their pancreas makes for digestion and absorption of nutrients. In this form of diabetes, the amount of insulin being made by the pancreas can vary. Some individuals will need to take oral diabetes medications while others may also need insulin to manage the condition.

The worldwide prevalence of type 3c diabetes is unknown. It is often misdiagnosed and under recognized because there is not a universally accepted diagnostic criteria. The management of type 3c diabetes depends on the level of damage and what caused the damage to the pancreas but may include oral medications, insulin injections, and diet and lifestyle modifications.

If you or a loved one thinks you have type 3c diabetes, please speak with your healthcare team. We are here to help.


School of Nursing Grant Focused on Emotional Wellness

A new study, funded through the Hirshberg Foundation’s Seed Grant program, will focus on the emotional wellbeing of patients and their caregivers as they face pancreatic cancer.

Through a new partnership with the clinical teams at the UCLA Agi Hirshberg Center for Pancreatic Diseases and the psychosocial clinicians at the Simms/Mann-UCLA Center for Integrative Oncology, Dr. Eden Brauer, Dr. Denice Economou, and Barbara Demman have developed a study to identify the optimal way to provide a mindfulness-based intervention to patients and caregivers facing pancreatic cancer. The team has devised an intervention plan to provide four pre-recorded, self-paced modules that will focus on four aspects of the cancer journey and ways to be mindful. These include: 1. Introduction to Mindfulness, 2. Cultivating Self-Compassion, 3. Making the Most of the Moment, and 4. Life Review and Legacy Envisioning.

These modules, recorded by a nursing faculty member who is a mindfulness certified facilitator, will be available online through a study website so participants can engage with them in a flexible way. This will allow study participants to access the four modules when it is convenient for them and as often as they need over a six-week period. The team’s primary objective will be to determine the best way to provide a web-based mindfulness practice and set of tools for those facing pancreatic cancer. Another objective of the study is to collect data on other aspects of the patient and caregiver emotional well-being throughout the cancer journey. This mindfulness intervention aims to track and improve self-reported symptoms of depression, anxiety, spiritual wellbeing, sleep, and quality of life for both the patients and caregivers. 

The Hirshberg Foundation is honored and excited to partner with the UCLA School of Nursing to work towards understanding the ways to support and improve both patient and caregiver emotional well-being throughout the cancer journey. This research is made possible thanks to our community.


The World Pancreatic Cancer Coalition Highlights the Hirshberg Foundation

This spring, the World Pancreatic Cancer Coalition (WPCC) is shining a light on the Hirshberg Foundation for Pancreatic Cancer Research. As a member of the WPCC, we celebrate and recognize that we are not alone in this fight. With over 100 member organizations from 40 countries, the coalition raises awareness, inspires action, and ultimately creates better outcomes for patients. Every organization in the WPCC brings something unique and remarkable to the table. As the pancreatic cancer foundation that pioneered these efforts, we are honored to share our history, mission, and ongoing projects.

WORLD PANCREATIC CANCER COALITION MEMBER PROFILE

In 1997, the Hirshberg Foundation was established to fund groundbreaking scientific research, provide patient education and support, and sustain the hope that this cancer will be eradicated once and for all. To date, the organization offers many programs focused on accelerating multidisciplinary pancreatic cancer research, providing comprehensive support services to patients, educating families, and raising community awareness.

WHERE WE STARTED

Over twenty-five years ago, Agi Hirshberg set out on an extraordinary journey to lead the fight against pancreatic cancer in honor of her late husband, Ronnie. Determined to find answers, she made a promise that still holds true: she would be relentless in the fight against this disease, and she would never give up. Today, the Foundation she started remains at the forefront of pancreatic cancer research and is a beacon of hope for patients and families facing this disease.

The Hirshberg Foundation’s research efforts launched with the opening of the Ronald S. Hirshberg Translational Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory at UCLA and the Foundation’s world-renowned Seed Grant Program. The Seed Grant Program provides early funding for researchers, opening the door for investigators to secure additional support to advance their work. To date, over 120 individual and collaborative Hirshberg Seed Grants have been funded at more than 45 research institutions in the US and abroad.

Under Agi’s direction, the Foundation’s Scientific Advisory Board and an ever-growing community of doctors and scientists have been instrumental in elevating patient care, leading research globally, and increasing awareness in the medical community. In 2005, the Foundation funded the UCLA Pancreas Tissue Bank, sharing specimens to aid the basic, translational, and clinical research activities of investigators. That same year, the first Symposium for Pancreatic Cancer was presented to the pancreatic cancer community, providing critical information and updates on treatment, research, and topics including nutrition, genetics, surveillance, and more to patients, caregivers, the research and the medical community.

To date, the Hirshberg Foundation’s patient programs include one-on-one support, patient-focused events, educational resources and webinars, financial aid for low-income households, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Guidelines, and the Agi Hirshberg Center for Pancreatic Diseases at UCLA. Patients and families are at the heart of the Foundation’s mission, and each of these resources empowers them as they navigate a diagnosis with the support they need.

Thanks to the partnership, guidance, and brilliance of doctors and investigators from every corner of the globe, significant strides have been made in both research and patient care. Today, the Foundation remains focused on finding a cure for pancreatic cancer and empowering patients and families whose lives have been touched by this disease. Advances being made are not only offering families hope, they’re giving patients a fighting chance.

WHO WE ARE AT OUR CORE

When the Foundation was established, it was organized around Agi’s vision and five mission pillars. To date, the Foundation has accomplished 4 of those 5 goals, with a cure being the final piece of the puzzle. The hard-fought battles of our patients, families, researchers, and medical community have brought us closer than ever to a cancer-free life, and the Foundation remains committed to our mission and our mantra to Never Give Up!

Ongoing Projects

Seed Grant Program

Each year, the Foundation Seed Grant program provides research funding to innovative projects led by basic and clinical investigators. To date, over 120 research projects have been funded at 45 medical and research institutions in the United States and overseas, many of which have gone on to receive NIH support. The program funds research in treatment/therapy, patient care, early diagnosis, detection, cancer biology, basic science, prevention/metabolism, and research core facilities. It is allocated annually- submissions pouring in from locations around the world, with a notable emphasis on collaborative initiatives involving multiple research institutions.

Symposium for Patients & Families

The 18th Annual Symposium on Pancreatic Cancer returns to the Luskin Center on April 13th with a host of new topics and guest speakers. This invaluable event is provided free of charge and brings together patients, caregivers, medical professionals, and scientific researchers. This year’s Symposium will cover topics from genetics to enzymes, the Pancreatic Cancer Early Detection Consortium, and the Canopy Cancer Collective. The highlight of this event includes a patient and caregiver panel sharing personal experiences, unique perspectives, and inspiration with survivors and caregivers. Guests may attend in person or online, with videos made available later for viewing.

Agi Hirshberg Center for Pancreatic Diseases

The Agi Hirshberg Center for Pancreatic Disease continues to set the standard for state-of-the-art care as it grows and thrives. The Center has made tremendous progress, assembling an ever-growing arsenal of tools to understand and mitigate the effects of the illness and advance its quest for greater patient comfort. Now, under the direction of Dr. Timothy Donahue, the Center recently opened in a new larger space at UCLA where patients can receive top-notch care from their entire medical team. Patients are able to meet with surgeons, medical oncologists, gastroenterologists, palliative care specialists, dietitians, genetic counselors, clinical trials coordinators, and therapists from the Simms-Mann psychosocial care team – all in one location and often in one visit.

UCLA Partnership

The longstanding partnership between the Hirshberg Foundation and UCLA plays a crucial role in advancing research and improving patient outcomes. The Foundation funds laboratories, core research facilities, and the Pancreas Tissue Bank. The relationship extends to psychosocial care from the Simms/ Mann Center for Integrative Oncology as well. As a member of the Canopy Collective, our UCLA team is making great strides in nutrition, palliative care, genetic testing, clinical trial participation, and patient education. The clinical trial portfolio of the Agi Hirshberg Center for Pancreatic Diseases is also among the strongest in the country. Trials have robust patient enrollment, with collaboration across multidisciplinary teams.